what is cavity in teeth

A cavity in your teeth is essentially a small hole that occurs when the hard surface of your teeth — primarily the enamel — is eroded by acids produced by bacteria in your mouth. It’s a common result when oral hygiene isn’t up to par, or there’s frequent consumption of sugary or acidic food and drinks. It’s not something that only afflicts children; adults can definitely experience cavities as well, especially if dental care habits waver. The sensitivity you’re feeling to hot and cold is a telltale sign because as the decay progresses, it affects the dentin layer beneath the enamel, which is more sensitive. Fortunately, getting a filling is a common procedure to treat cavities, and your dentist’s recommendation is spot on. During this procedure, the decayed part of the tooth is removed and replaced with a filling material — typically composite resins, amalgam, gold, or porcelain.

The longevity of a dental filling can vary: composite fillings may last about 5-10 years, while amalgam ones might last up to 15 years, depending on how well you take care of your oral hygiene. You won’t necessarily need to completely overhaul your diet, but reducing your intake of sugary foods and maintaining regular brushing and flossing routines are crucial steps to prevent future cavities—aim to brush at least twice a day and floss daily. Watch for sticky snacks, and be mindful of acidic foods and drinks as well, as they can wear down your enamel over time. If cavities are left untreated, they can progress deeper into the tooth leading to infection, which might require more advanced treatment such as a root canal, so it’s important not to delay treatment.

After getting a filling, you might experience some sensitivity, which should abate over time. If sensitivity persists or worsens, inform your dentist as adjustments might be necessary. Staying on top of regular dental checkups—aiming for every six months—is also wise, as it helps catch any issues early before they turn into larger problems. Practicing good oral hygiene with regular use of fluoride toothpaste can reinforce your tooth enamel and provide an extra layer of cavity protection moving forward.