what causes hepatitis c

Hepatitis C is primarily caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is most commonly transmitted through blood-to-blood contact. The main routes of transmission include sharing needles or other equipment for drug use, receiving blood transfusions or organ transplants before 1992 when screening of the blood supply became common, and needlestick injuries in healthcare settings. It’s less common, but it can also be spread through sexual contact that involves exposure to blood, though this risk is relatively low compared to other transmission modes. Mother-to-child transmission during childbirth is possible but also less frequent.

It’s reassuring to know that casual contact, such as hugging or sharing food and drinks, does not spread Hepatitis C. Thus, you can’t contract it just by being around someone with the virus. In terms of early symptoms, many people with acute Hepatitis C infection are asymptomatic, meaning they don’t show symptoms. However, some may experience mild symptoms such as fatigue, fever, nausea, loss of appetite, or jaundice. It’s important for anyone who thinks they might have been exposed to get tested, particularly if they fall into higher-risk categories.

For your friend, considering his history with injections, it’s worth evaluating whether the needle, syringe, or drug preparation equipment could have been contaminated, even unintentionally. Safe practices, like always using new needles and not sharing any drug use equipment, are crucial to prevent transmission. If there’s any concern of exposure, a medical provider may recommend testing or monitoring for possible infection. Hepatitis C is treatable today with effective antiviral medications, so encouraging your friend to see a healthcare provider for testing and further management is wise. If anyone is worried about their risk, getting a blood test for Hepatitis C can provide clarity.