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Infectious Illnesses
Question #22274
121 days ago
180

what causes dengue - #22274

Aisha

I am feeling really anxious because I just got diagnosed with dengue after returning from a trip to my hometown, which has been battling an outbreak. The past few days were horrible, I had high fevers, really bad headaches, and joint pain like I’ve never felt before. I also noticed these weird rashes appearing on my skin which freaked me out even more. I went to the doctor, and they told me that my symptoms linked back to dengue, but what causes dengue in the first place? I read somewhere that it's from mosquitoes, but why do they carry this virus? And how come some people get it really bad while others just have mild symptoms? My cousin got sick too but bounced back pretty fast, while I ended up in the hospital. What causes dengue to affect people differently? My friend told me there are multiple strains of the virus and that maybe that plays into it? I really want to understand what causes dengue and if I need to be worried about it happening again in the future — like, can I get it again after I recover? Just so confused, kinda scared honestly.

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Doctors' responses

Dengue is indeed caused by a virus transmitted primarily through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti. These mosquitoes become carriers after biting an infected person and then can spread the virus to others through subsequent bites. Now, the reason mosquitoes carry this virus often has to do with environmental factors that favor mosquito breeding, such as warm, humid climates with standing water. There are four distinct serotypes of the dengue virus, known as DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. Infection with one serotype can produce lifelong immunity to that specific type, but only partial and temporary immunity to the others. This is actually a significant factor in why some people, like yourself and your cousin, may experience different severity in symptoms. If you’ve been infected with one type, a subsequent infection with a different serotype increases the risk of severe dengue, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. This phenomenon is known as antibody-dependent enhancement. Yes, one can get dengue again, since recovery from one strain doesn’t protect you against the others. For prevention, it’s crucial to minimize exposure to mosquito bites by using repellent, wearing long sleeves, and keeping your environment free of standing water. You should also be aware of any signs of dengue turning severe, such as persistent vomiting, bleeding, or dizziness, and seek medical attention immediately if these occur. While there’s no specific treatment for dengue, supportive care and early medical intervention can significantly improve outcomes. So, it’s important to remain vigilant about your symptoms even after recovery, especially if you’ve had dengue before.

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